Strateji / 1.4 / 59.02M

Strateji / 1.7 / by Hyper Strike Pvt Ltd / 73.00M

Strateji / 5.9 / by Ruling Games / 75.73M

Strateji / 10.5.0 / 78.60M

Strateji / 2.6.89 / by Jollify Games / 134.00M

Strateji / 2.0.60 / 86.33M

Strateji / 1.1.7 / 409.95M

Strateji / 2.5.1 / 70.12M

Strateji / v0.2.1 / by SkyRise Digital Pte. Ltd. / 54.76M

Strateji / 1.0.52 / 126.56M

Strateji / 1.1.12 / 82.49M

Strateji / v1.5.13 / by Rovio Entertainment Corporation / 45.06M

Strateji / 1.21.2 / 389.59M

Strateji / v1.1.2 / 76.00M

Strateji / 1.53.5 / 144.62M